These days, most airlines recommend showing up at the airport at least 2 hours before a domestic flight and at least 3 hours before an international one.
But what if your flight is delayed?
In an ordinary year, around 20%–25% of flights fail to depart on time, owing to a variety of logistical mishaps and punctuality defeaters such as bad weather, air traffic issues, mechanical problems, and staffing shortages.
Because there are so many contingencies and so much is up in the air (except, of course, your plane), the U.S. Department of Transportation requires airlines to notify passengers of any schedule changes via email, text, phone call, or message sent via the airline's mobile app. (To be extra-informed, you can also track flights using independent apps and websites such as FlightAware and Flightradar24.)
Your airline will provide an estimate of how late the flight's departure will be, but these things can be difficult to predict—the weather can go from bad to worse and what looks like a minor mechanical issue on a plane can turn out, on closer inspection, to be a big fat mess (stop us if our aeronautical engineering terms get too technical).
The uncertainty can lead to the dreaded "creeping delays," where, as the Transportation Department puts it, "developments occur which were not anticipated when the carrier made its initial estimate of the length of the delay," and you watch your departure time get pushed back by a series of half-hour increments as your vacation dies a death by a thousand cuts.
But here's the bottom line: If you still plan to take that delayed flight, you should be at the airport for the original departure time, no matter the estimated length of the delay.
That means that if you have a ticket for a domestic flight scheduled to take off at 10am, you should show up at the airport at 8am, even if you get an alert that claims the flight won't take off until 11:45am.
We're not just trying to prevent you from getting extra sleep. There are good reasons you should head for the airport as though things were running on schedule.
The same uncertainty that can make a flight delay longer than expected can, on occasions when the ever-fickle travel gods need a laugh, make a flight delay suddenly shorter than expected, too.
The skies could miraculously clear, for instance. Or instead of waiting on a crew to arrive from elsewhere, the airline might be able to swap in alternate staff from nearby. You never know.
Most airlines will tell you to show up on time anyway. One version of that guidance is found on JetBlue's website: "For delays, we suggest you arrive at the airport for the originally scheduled departure time. If conditions allow, the estimated departure time could be moved up. The flight is not able to wait for customers who are not there."
If you insist on arriving at the airport later for a delayed flight, at least make sure you check in ahead of time online—for domestic flights, the check-in deadline is usually 30 minutes before the scheduled—we repeat: scheduled—departure time.
If you're already at the airport when you learn of a delay, it's still a good idea to stick close to the gate in case something changes for the better. If you can't resist the siren call of that Chili's Too, keep an eye on your phone and the airport's information screens for crucial updates regarding gate changes.
Some other basics to know about flight delays:
If the delay is significant, you are entitled by federal law to a refund should you choose not to travel. But the federal government lets each airline define "significant." Most companies, including Delta Air Lines and JetBlue, take pity on passengers after 2 hours. American Airlines waits for 4.
For a long wait or one that will make you miss a connection, most carriers will book you on the next available flight.
Airlines are not required by law to compensate you for a delay. Check your airline's contract of carriage or the Department of Transportation's Airline Cancellation and Delay Dashboard to see what you're entitled to in the way of meals or hotel rooms if your flight is delayed or canceled. Stuff beyond the carrier's control (like the weather) doesn't automatically equal compensation for passengers, but gate agents will often help you out anyway. Be nice.
In the event of a major delay that forces you to rebook your flight, do all the things: Get in line to speak with a customer service rep, go online to check for alternate flights, consult the airline's mobile app, and try calling the airline's customer service phone number (talk about delays—be prepared for waits best measured in geological time).
We know it's frustrating to be stuck at the airport for a bunch of extra hours, but look on the bright side: Haven't you been meaning to finish Infinite Jest for the past 25 years anyway?
